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<title>CCSO Nameserver</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">CCSO Nameserver</span></span>

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<p>A <b>CCSO name-server</b> or Ph protocol was an early form of database search on the Internet. In its most common form, it was used to look up information such as <a href="Telephone_number" title="Telephone number">telephone numbers</a> and <a href="Email_address" title="Email address">email addresses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, this service has been largely replaced by <a href="Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a>. It was used mainly in the early-to-middle 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name-server was developed by <a href="Steve_Dorner" title="Steve Dorner">Steve Dorner</a> at the <a href="University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana%E2%80%93Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign">University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign</a>, at the university's Computing and Communications Services Office (CCSO).

</p><p>There also exists an Outlook plugin and <a href="Standalone_program" title="Standalone program">standalone application</a> known as OutlookPH.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>The name-server directories were frequently organized in <a href="Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a> hierarchies. The tools "Ph" and "Qi" were the two components of the system: Ph was a client that queried the Qi server.

</p><p>The Ph protocol was formally defined by <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2378">2378</a> in September 1998. However, the memo issued at this time references its prior use for an unspecified period of time before this date<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (work on the protocol started around 1988,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was in use from around 1991<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). It defines sixteen keywords that can be used on the server side to define record properties. It also defines how clients should access records on the server and what responses the server should give. Ph server communication takes place on <a href="Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> port 105.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Command_structure">Command structure</h2></div>

<p>All commands and response are initially assumed to be in US-ASCII encoding for historical reasons, unless the client explicitly asks for 8-bit (ISO-8859-1) encoding. As a result, only characters between 0x20 and 0x7E are initially sent by the server in raw form. Other characters, if present in entries, will be escaped using the <a href="RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2045">2045</a> defined "Quoted-Printable" encoding. The initial request from the client is a text base keyword optionally followed by one or more parameters as defined in the <a href="RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2378">2378</a>. The server then responds to the request. The following example response to a status request is provided by the RFC memo.

</p>

<pre>C: status

S: 100:Qi server $Revision: 1.6 $

S: 100:Ph passwords may be obtained at CCSO Accounting,

S: 100:1420 Digital Computer Lab, between 8:30 and 5 Monday-Friday.

S: 100:Be sure to bring your U of I ID card.

S: 200:Database ready

</pre>

<p>Each command defined by the <a href="RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2378">2378</a> memo consists of a keyword followed as needed by one or more parameters or key words. They can be separated by spaces tabs or the end of the line. Each line must be terminated in <a href="Newline" title="Newline">CR+LF</a> style.

</p><p>The following are a few of the commands:

</p>

<pre> status

</pre>

<p>This command takes no parameters and simply asks the server to report its status as above.

</p>

<pre>siteinfo

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<p>Returns information such as server version mail domain and whom to contact about password issues and authentication methods.

</p>

<pre>fields [field ...]

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<p>List all available entry fields on the server or only those of the specified name or names.

</p>

<pre> id information

</pre>

<p>Causes the server to log the specified information as the current user id without login.

</p>

<pre>set [option[=value] ...]

</pre>

<p>Sets the specified option on the server to value. If used without parameters it lists the current server settings.

</p>

<pre>login [alias]

logout

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<p>This is the actual login/logout commands for the server here the alias must be the users Ph alias. Logging in allows a user to change their own entry and view certain fields in it flag for restricted access.

</p>

<pre>answer encrypted-response

clear cleartext-password

</pre>

<p>The client normally uses one of these to send the password information after the login command is sent.

</p>

<pre>quit

exit

stop

</pre>

<p>One or more of these will be recognized by the server as an end of session command closing the connection.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Database">Database</h2></div>

<p>As distributed, the nameserver was backed by a <a href="Flat_file_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat file database">flat file database</a>. In the early 1990s, <a href="Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a> software developer Larry Hughes implemented a version of Qi (called "Phd") that was written in <a href="Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> and backed by a <a href="Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational database</a>. That code was distributed under an <a href="Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">open-source license</a> for several years prior to the university's transition to LDAP.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/ph-faq/">"ph (cso nameserver) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/comp.infosystems.gopher/browse_frm/thread/eef4cfbdbc862afe/9cbc3e3690b8fb4e?lnk=st&q=%22cso+nameserver%22&rnum=19&hl=en#9cbc3e3690b8fb4e">"Ph and Gopher"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://admin.illinois.edu/OutlookPH.aspx">"OutlookPH"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2378.html">"RFC 2378 - The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/michael-lazar/ccso-archive/tree/8835fd87d0b839f8f22f80c05d372086cb68fceb/qi-2.3/doc">"The CCSO Nameserver - Programmer's Guide [programmer.*]"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-21</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fZ9RAQAAMAAJ&q=%22CSO+Nameserver%22"><i>Computing Handbook for Students (and Everyone Else)</i></a>. Computing Services Office, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1991. p. 102.</cite> Also search for <i>ph</i>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CCSO/CSO:

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFWard1993" class="citation journal cs1">Ward, Lynn (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/uiucnet69293univ?q=%22ccso+nameserver%22">"Exploring the Power of the Internet Gopher - Gopher as Electronic Phone Book"</a>. <i>UIUCnet</i>. <b>6</b> (1). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Urbana, Ill. : Computing Services Office, University of Illinois: 6.</cite></li></ul>

</span></li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLazar2019" class="citation cs2">Lazar, Michael (2019-03-31), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/michael-lazar/ccso-archive"><i>File dump for old CSSO nameserver software</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-13</span></span></cite>

<ul><li>Newer version of Windows CCSO Ph client: <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jumpjet.info/Application-Software/Windows/Networking/1/clients.htm">"Application Software - Windows Win2k Family - Networking Programs"</a>. <i>www.jumpjet.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-13</span></span>.</cite></li></ul></li>

<li>Working servers (in 2020):

<ul><li>From archived list of CCSO Qi servers - <a href="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a>, <a href="University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a> and <a href="University_of_Wisconsin_at_Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin at Madison">University of Wisconsin at Madison</a>: <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030207101641/http://www.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/ph/lookup?Query=.">"Phonebook Server Lookup (.)"</a>. 2003-02-07. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uiuc.edu:80/cgi-bin/ph/lookup?Query=.">the original</a> on 2003-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-13</span></span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLazar2019" class="citation cs2">Lazar, Michael (2019-12-31), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/michael-lazar/ccso-nameserver"><i>michael-lazar/ccso-nameserver</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-21</span></span></cite> Contains also a list of servers (accessible by gopher or by its http proxy)</li></ul></li>

<li>Notable links - <i>University of Illinois publication about Ph</i> and <i>NWU's Ph site</i> (user guides): <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010119180300/http://www.emailman.com/ph/">"eMailman(sm) -- Ph servers"</a>. 2001-01-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emailman.com:80/ph/">the original</a> on 2001-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-13</span></span>.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Gopher298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A <a href="Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">protocol</a> for document search and retrieval on the <a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">Clients</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dooble" title="Dooble">Dooble</a></li>

<li><a href="WebPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="WebPositive">WebPositive</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support ended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">Epiphany</a></li>

<li><a href="Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a></li>

<li><a href="Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</a></li>

<li><a href="SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a></li>

<li><a href="Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li>

<li><a href="Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a></li>

<li><a href="Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex Communicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></li>

<li><a href="Cello_(web_browser)" title="Cello (web browser)">Cello</a></li>

<li><a href="Classilla" title="Classilla">Classilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Conkeror" title="Conkeror">Conkeror</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberjack" title="Cyberjack">Cyberjack</a></li>

<li><a href="ELinks" title="ELinks">ELinks</a></li>

<li><a href="Epiphany_(GNOME)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiphany (GNOME)">Epiphany</a></li>

<li><a href="Galeon" title="Galeon">Galeon</a></li>

<li><a href="GopherVR" title="GopherVR">GopherVR</a></li>

<li><a href="IBrowse" title="IBrowse">IBrowse</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kazehakase" title="Kazehakase">Kazehakase</a></li>

<li><a href="Libwww" title="Libwww">libwww</a></li>

<li><a href="Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode Browser</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimo" title="Minimo">Minimo</a></li>

<li><a href="Minnesota_Internet_Users_Essential_Tool" title="Minnesota Internet Users Essential Tool">Minuet</a></li>

<li><a href="Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mothra_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothra (web browser)">Mothra</a></li>

<li><a href="Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Application Suite</a></li>

<li><a href="Netscape_(web_browser)" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape</a></li>

<li><a href="OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li>

<li><a href="SlipKnot_(web_browser)" title="SlipKnot (web browser)">SlipKnot</a></li>

<li><a href="Songbird_(software)" title="Songbird (software)">Songbird</a></li>

<li><a href="TkWWW" title="TkWWW">tkWWW</a></li>

<li><a href="UdiWWW" title="UdiWWW">UdiWWW</a></li>

<li><a href="XB_Browser" title="XB Browser">xB Browser</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a> software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Bucktooth</li>

<li><a href="NetPresenz" title="NetPresenz">NetPresenz</a></li>

<li>PyGopherd</li>

<li><a href="Squid_(software)" title="Squid (software)">Squid</a></li>

<li><a href="Synchronet" title="Synchronet">Synchronet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Search_engine" title="Search engine">Search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jughead_(search_engine)" title="Jughead (search engine)">Jughead</a></li>

<li><a href="Veronica_(search_engine)" title="Veronica (search engine)">Veronica</a></li>

<li><a href="Wide_area_information_server" title="Wide area information server">Wide area information server</a> (WAIS)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Media_(communication)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media (communication)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></li>

<li><a href="Gophermap" class="mw-redirect" title="Gophermap">Gophermap</a></li>

<li><a href="Phlog" title="Phlog">Phlog</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Host_(network)" title="Host (network)">Hosts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="SDF_Public_Access_Unix_System" title="SDF Public Access Unix System">SDF Public Access Unix System</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_development" title="Software development">Developers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mark_P._McCahill" title="Mark P. McCahill">Mark P. McCahill</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-02-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=CCSO_Nameserver&oldid=1204006311">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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